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Participle clauses

Participle clauses

Look at these examples to see how participle clauses are used.

Looked after carefully, these boots will last for many years.Not wanting to hurt his feelings, I avoided the question. 
Having lived through difficult times together, they were very close friends.

Grammar explanation

Participle clauses enable us to say information in a more economical way. They are formed using present participles (goingreadingseeingwalking, etc.), past participles (gonereadseenwalked, etc.) or perfect participles (having gonehaving readhaving seenhaving walked, etc.). 

We can use participle clauses when the participle and the verb in the main clause have the same subject. For example,

Waiting for Ellie, I made some tea. (While was waiting for Ellie, made some tea.)

Participle clauses do not have a specific tense. The tense is indicated by the verb in the main clause. 

Participle clauses are mainly used in written texts, particularly in a literary, academic or journalistic style. 

Present participle clauses

Here are some common ways we use present participle clauses. Note that present participles have a similar meaning to active verbs. 

  • To give the result of an action
    The bomb exploded, destroying the building.
  • To give the reason for an action
    Knowing she loved reading, Richard bought her a book.
  • To talk about an action that happened at the same time as another action
    Standing in the queue, I realised I didn't have any money.
  • To add information about the subject of the main clause
    Starting in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city centre.

Past participle clauses

Here are some common ways that we use past participle clauses. Note that past participles normally have a passive meaning.

  • With a similar meaning to an if condition
    Used in this way, participles can make your writing more concise. (If you use participles in this way, … )
  • To give the reason for an action
    Worried by the news, she called the hospital.
  • To add information about the subject of the main clause
    Filled with pride, he walked towards the stage.

Perfect participle clauses

Perfect participle clauses show that the action they describe was finished before the action in the main clause. Perfect participles can be structured to make an active or passive meaning.

Having got dressed, he slowly went downstairs.
Having finished their training, they will be fully qualified doctors.
Having been made redundant, she started looking for a new job.

Participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions

It is also common for participle clauses, especially with -ing, to follow conjunctions and prepositions such as beforeafterinstead ofonsincewhenwhile and in spite of.

Before cooking, you should wash your hands. 
Instead of complaining about it, they should try doing something positive.
On arriving at the hotel, he went to get changed.
While packing her things, she thought about the last two years.
In spite of having read the instructions twice, I still couldn’t understand how to use it.

 

Past tense

Present tense

Perfect aspect

 

"Put your question in the box"

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خودآزمایی ها


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 Grammar tests
Grammar test 1
خودآزمایی
Grammar test 2
خودآزمایی

10 نظر


سمیرا فتحی1400/12/05

hearing the terrible news, my husband felt sadness and regret. spending a lot of time on the internet, my husband did not have enough time for other working. knowing i loved surprising, my husband bought me a luxury gift. shopping in the market, i realized i lost my valet. fallowing years, i understand that i cant change word, i have to change filled of stress, he went for conference. instead of arguing with me, you must try doing something. in spite of having studied English, i still could not speak very well. while spoken with my husband, i could not convince him.

0 0
حسین قاسمی1400/12/05

Driving toward to Tehran,I ate fruit. Limiting the Internet in one month ago,by a few people fulish pass a law. Attached by Russia, Ukraine people hearted. Because angry,Boris Johnson said Russia would pay for the attack on Ukraine. In spite of having had a lot of lands,I couldn't make a building.

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شکوه شیخی پور1400/12/06

for Present participle clauses,(To give the reason for an action) this my example is true: leading money to him, he appreciating of me. in the past participle clauses , should we use past form of the main verb? or we can use another tense in main clauses. shokooh

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Kiana Meshkat1400/12/07

Hi. I have a question. what is the difference between these sentences: worried by the news, she called the hospital. Worrying by the news, she called the hospital. I want to know when we should use each of them.

0 0
کیمیا مشکوة1400/12/09

I read it but i need more explanation to know it better

0 0
شکوه شیخی پور1400/12/10

this is my example : seeing he come here, he go out the room. the Electricity went out, disconnecting our website.

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ندا رضوی1401/03/21

Worn under clothes, a thermal layer keeps you warm in minus temperatures. The building collapsed, killing 29 people. Having been in hospital for several weeks, she was happy to be home. On seeing her grandparents, she ran across the room to greet them. Having made lunch, I sat in the Balcony with a drink. Having lived in Nederland for 3 years, Kiana could speak some English.

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شکوه شیخی پور1401/03/23

the war started, opening borders to immigrants. driving to home , i listened to podcast. having professional skills, she stands out from peer group. waited for the train, he called me . carried on all the boxes, he went to home. shopping from small store, the great benefit for local people. having worked in several offices, he run his business. having been in rural area, the people will become cultural.???? ( I'm not sure, is it true?)

0 0
شکوه شیخی پور1401/03/23

the war started, opening borders to immigrants. driving to home , i listened to podcast. having professional skills, she stands out from peer group. waited for the train, he called me . carried on all the boxes, he went to home. shopping from small store, the great benefit for local people. having worked in several offices, he run his business. having been in rural area, the people will become cultural.???? ( I'm not sure, is it true?)

0 0
شکوه شیخی پور1401/03/23

the war started, opening borders to immigrants. driving to home , i listened to podcast. having professional skills, she stands out from peer group. waited for the train, he called me . carried on all the boxes, he went to home. shopping from small store, the great benefit for local people. having worked in several offices, he run his business. having been in rural area, the people will become cultural.???? ( I'm not sure, is it true?) instead of practicing lesson, the students use the internet for copy their essay. in spite of making effort of team the client died.

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